The International Institute for Iranian Studies (Rasanah) has released Saudi Arabia and Pakistan: An Enduring Relationship in a Changing World, authored by renowned diplomat and scholar Dr. Ali S. Awadh Asseri who served as Saudi Arabia’s ambassador to Pakistan from 2001 to 2009. This 280-page book, organized into four comprehensive chapters, provides an in-depth analytical examination of the exceptional relationship between Saudi Arabia and Pakistan, tracing its historical roots, evolution and potential trajectory within a rapidly changing global environment.
In the Foreword, former Pakistani Prime Minister Muhammad Nawaz Sharif underscores that relations between Saudi Arabia and Pakistan transcend mere shared interests, resting instead on profound historical, religious and cultural bonds. Sharif further commends the kingdom’s unwavering support for Pakistan during critical junctures, notably following its nuclear tests, highlighting this solidarity as evidence of the enduring strategic partnership between the two nations.
The first chapter, “History and the Beginning,” explores the historical foundations of bilateral relations, starting with early trade and cultural exchanges between the Arabian Peninsula and the Indian subcontinent. It examines the influence of 18th century Islamic reform movements and their role in shaping the trajectories of both modern states. The chapter also charts the post-1947 development of relations following Pakistan’s independence, noting the gradual transition from initial misunderstandings toward a state of rapprochement that paved the way for extensive strategic cooperation.
Chapter Two, “Pragmatic Partners,” centers on the 1970s and 1980s, decades that witnessed a marked deepening of economic and defense cooperation. It highlights the contributions of historic leaders such as King Faisal bin Abdulaziz Al Saud and Prime Minister Zulfikar Ali Bhutto in consolidating bilateral ties. This chapter also includes an analysis of the two nations’ coordinated responses to major geopolitical developments, such as the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, and emphasizes the unifying influence of Islamic solidarity in reinforcing their alliance.
Chapter Three, “Strategic Priorities,” reviews the security and political dimensions of the relationship from the 1990s onward. It discusses how both countries confronted new regional and global threats, including the rise of al-Qaeda and the expanding influence of Iran. The chapter details instances of Saudi Arabia’s crucial economic and political support to Pakistan and assesses bilateral collaboration in the context of the “War on Terror.” Furthermore, it examines how Saudi Vision 2030 has influenced the future orientation of bilateral relations, with an eye toward regional reconciliation and long-term strategic alignment.
Chapter Four, “Economic Agenda,” addresses the extensive economic and humanitarian assistance provided by Saudi Arabia to Pakistan over several decades. The chapter highlights the kingdom’s recent economic transformations under Vision 2030 and examines the significance of Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman’s 2019 visit to Pakistan as a catalyst for new opportunities. It explores prospects for deepened investment cooperation, the employment of skilled Pakistani workers in Vision 2030 projects and the expansion of bilateral trade ties.
In the final chapter, “Conclusion: The Way Forward,” Asseri presents the key findings of his discussion, laying out a strategic roadmap for the future of Saudi-Pakistan relations. His recommendations span the political, economic, military and cultural spheres, aiming to secure the sustainability and resilience of this partnership in the face of global challenges.
